RESUMO A morfoanatomia das glândulas foliares e calicinais de Stigmaphyllon A.Juss. ocorrentes no Brasil foi realizada a partir de folhas expandidas coletadas e fixadas no campo ou de espécimes de herbário, processadas e analisadas por métodos anatômicos usuais. Os caracteres variáveis registrados neste estudo foram relacionados à posição das glândulas na lâmina foliar e pecíolo, forma, presença/ausência de pedúnculos nas glândulas, presença/ausência de cutícula e espaço subcuticular, epiderme em paliçada e padrões de vascularização. As glândulas foliares e do cálice em Stigmaphyllon são estruturalmente semelhantes, corroborando estudos anatômicos anteriores na família e reforçando a hipótese de que as glândulas calicinais podem ser evolutivamente derivadas de glândulas foliares em Malpighiaceae.

ABSTRACT The morphoanatomy of the leaf and calyx glands of Stigmaphyllon A.Juss. occurring in Brazil, was analyzed from expanded leaves collected and fixed in the field or from herbarium specimens, processed and analyzed by usual hand-free anatomical methods. The variable characters recorded in this study were related to the position of glands in the limb and petiole, shape, presence/absence of peduncles in glands, presence/absence of cuticle and subcuticular space, palisade epidermis and vascularization patterns. Leaf and calyx glands in Stigmaphyllon are structurally similar, corroborating previous anatomical studies in the family and reinforcing the hypothesis that calyx glands might be evolutionarily derived from leaf glands in Malpighiaceae.

ABSTRACT We studied the leaf anatomy of 15 species of Byrsonima and a single species of Diacidia as an outgroup to test the relevance of leaf anatomical characters to the complicated taxonomy of this genus. We present complete anatomical descriptions for petioles and leaf blades, together with an anatomical matrix, dendrogram and an identification key for the studied taxa. The most informative characters were the presence of stomatal crest, trichome type, epidermis type, contour and conformation of the vascular system in the diaphragm and medium petiole and number of accessory bundles. The aforementioned characters revealed that the anatomy of the petioles in the genus differs from that of petioles in the outgroup taxon with regard to vascular system conformation and the absence of cortical sclereids. Furthermore, the anatomy of the leaf blade appears to be quite informative in Byrsonima, especially in synonymized species. The anatomical features evaluated here have great value for Byrsonima taxonomy. These features may be used in an evolutionary approach to the group, especially for proposing a new classification system based on morphoanatomical characters of the genus.

ABSTRACT We describe the leaf anatomy of 42 of the 60 species of the genus Banisteriopsis, one of the largest and most diverse genera of Malpighiaceae in the Cerrado domain. Our aim was to identify anatomical leaf characters useful for the taxonomy and systematics of this morphological diverse genus. Expanded leaves from herbarium specimens were rehydrated and processed according to usual anatomical methods for analysis under light microscopy. All characters were compared using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean algorithm and expressed in dendrograms. The most useful leaf anatomical characters were petiole contour, presence/absence of vascular bundles in the petiole, the position of the vascular bundles in the petiole, shape of the midrib, presence/absence of sheath extension, mesophyll type, and both the presence/absence and shape of leaf glands. Our study indicates that the morphological groups proposed in the literature for Banisteriopsis are natural groups.

Resumo: No presente trabalho, sinonimizamos Micropholis compta sob M. gardneriana devido à sobreposição de caracteres morfoanatômicos e ausência de atributos distintivos, verificado durante estudo taxonômico e anatômico do gênero Micropholis para o Brasil. Este estudo fornece uma descrição atualizada de M. gardneriana, incluindo dados macro e micromorfológicos, um mapa de distribuição e comentários sobre status de conservação, ecologia e taxonomia.

Abstract: In the present work, we synonymize Micropholis compta under M. gardneriana due to the overlap of morphoanatomical characters and the absence of distinctive attributes, verified during taxonomic and anatomical study of the genus Micropholis for Brazil. This study provides an updated description of M. gardneriana, including macro- and micro-morphological data, a distribution map, and comments on conservation status, ecological and taxonomy.

Resumo: Diploon é um gênero monoespecífico representado por Diploon cuspidatum, espécie arbórea com características morfológicas peculiares em relação a outros gêneros de Sapotaceae. A espécie teve suas folhas caracterizadas morfoanatomicamente, a fim de fornecer caracteres diagnósticos adicionais à morfologia externa, subsidiar pesquisas no âmbito da anatomia vegetal, dendrologia e filogenia. D. cuspidatum evidenciou pecíolo plano-convexo, com feixe vascular plano-convexo, presença ocasional de até dois feixes acessórios, presença de muitos laticíferos e cristais prismáticos. A nervura central é biconvexa, com cutícula em forma de U no lado abaxial, laticíferos associados aos elementos vasculares. Mesofilo dorsiventral, parênquima paliçádico com duas camadas descontínuas, tricomas malpighiáceos do tipo T e Y na epiderme abaxial com pedúnculo pequeno e braço longo. O padrão de venação é do tipo broquidódroma. Veias intersecundárias paralelas as veias secundárias, veias quaternárias em ramos livres. Ausência de veias de ordem superior. A análise morfoanatômica realizada evidenciou caracteres importantes que retratam um conjunto de estruturas comuns a Sapotaceae e também importantes para reconhecimento e identificação D. cuspidatum.

Abstract: Diploon is a monospecific genus represented by Diploon cuspidatum, an arboreal species that has morphological characteristics distinct from those of other Sapotaceae species. In this study, Diploon cuspidatum leaves were characterized morphoanatomically in order to reveal additional diagnostic characters of their external morphology of the genus. The Diploon petiole presents shape and arrangement of the vascular system flat-convex, occasionally with one or two accessory bundles, many laticifers, and many prismatic crystals. The midrib is biconvex with a U-shaped cuticle on the abaxial side, and laticifers are associated with the vascular tissues. Mesophyll is dorsiventral, palisade parenchyma has two cell layers, T- and Y-shaped malpighiaceous trichomes are on the abaxial epidermis with a small stalk cell and long arm. The venation pattern is brochidodromous. Intersecondary veins run parallel to the secondary veins, and quaternary veins branch freely. Higher order veins are not present. Morphoanatomical analysis revealed important characteristics that reveal a set of structures common to Sapotaceae, in addition to characters that are important for the recognition and identification of D. cuspidatum.

Banisteriopsis is considered one of the largest genera of Malpighiaceae with 58 species, of which 47 occur in Brazil. The typical calyx and leaf glands of Banisteriopsis are considered relevant to the adaptive success of Malpighiaceae. Comparative studies of anatomical and histochemical characteristics may reveal similarities and assist in the interpretation of the functions performed by such glands. The present study aimed to describe the anatomy of the calyx and leaf glands of 38 species ofBanisteriopsis that occur in Brazil, and to analyze these structures histochemically in B. campestris, B. laevifolia and B malifolia, using standard methods. Calyx glands differ from leaf glands by possessing an irregular surface that is covered by a thick cuticle that is released from the epidermis by the accumulation of secretion; the glands are similar in all the other anatomical characteristics. Both types of glands produce secretions composed of a mixture of protein granules, lipids and polysaccharides. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that foliar glands have given rise to calyx glands in response to interactions with pollinators.